Kritios is described as producing work that is more severe in style. Theatre at the Sanctuary of Asclepius at Epidaurus, c. 350 - 300 B.C.E., photo:Steven Zucker(CC BY-NC-SA 2.0), Bouleuterion, Prine (Turkey), c. 200 B.C.E., photo: Jacqueline Poggi (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0). Get the latest information and tips about everything Art with our bi-weekly newsletter. Tamang sagot sa tanong: What is the Principles of arts of Greek A sculpture such as this was revolutionary at the time because all sculptures were typically done of male nudes. 414 lessons. Thus, all the main components of the human body have axes of their own, while an upright figure has a single vertical axis running through its entire length. Kresilas created the portrait of Pericles c. 425 BCE, and Praxiteles sculpted Aphrodite c. 340 BCE, which was also the first fully nude female to be sculpted in Greece. (Classical Greek), Acropolis, Athens,photo:Steven Zucker(CC BY-NC-SA 2.0), "Hera II," c. 460 B.C.E., 24.26 x 59.98 m, Greek, Doric temple from the classical period likely dedicated to Hera, Paestum (Latin) previously Poseidonia, photo: Steven Zucker (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0). (Classical Greek), Acropolis, Athens, The Erechtheion, 421-405 B.C.E. Poses also became more naturalistic, notably during the beginning of the period. There were three dominant orders, namely, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Classical Style The main difference in appearance between Archaic Greek sculpture and the Classical styles lies in the poses. Lacoon and His Sons, dated circa 200 BCE, is a Hellenistic sculpture featuring complex subject matter and emotional expressions. They strove for realism, often seeking idealism in their sculptures, recreating the human figure as accurately and as perfect as possible. The joining of one form to another may be accomplished in a variety of ways. The human form was also depicted not only in painting on pottery but also in sculpture. Art and Chaos Michelangelo, born in Florence 1475, died in Rome in 1564, used the painting process known as fresco . Other architectural developments were the Tsangli structure, which was a settlement. Direct link to drszucker's post There is architecture sca, Posted 6 years ago. Greek architectural forms became implanted so deeply in the Roman architectural mindset that they endured throughout antiquity, only to then be re-discovered in the Renaissance and especially from the mid-eighteenth century onwards as a feature of the Neo-Classical movement. Cassie holds a master's degree in history and has spent five years teaching history and the humanities from ancient times to the Renaissance. Contrapposto was one of the most heavily utilized Greek sculpture characteristics. plates index.Nice clean unmarked text, some slight shelf wear Bookplate and usual library marks. Iktinos and Kallikrates, The Parthenon, Athens, 447 432 B.C.E. A figure sited high on a building, for example, is usually made larger in its upper parts in order to counteract the effects of foreshortening. The female counterpart, the kore, was often depicted wearing dresses of their time with some stylistic elements. House A vii 4had a large cobbled courtyard that was used for domestic industry. The statue was one of many other ancient Greek artifacts found in the Persian Rubble, called Perserschutt, left behind by the Persian invaders after they sacked the Acropolis during 480 BC. This is sometimes known as hierarchic scale. As the first evolution of the architectural Orders, the Doric style is plainer and described as austere. We also see this technique commonly utilized in Renaissance and Neoclassical paintings and sculpture, and is referred to as contrapposto the Kritios Boy is standing with his weight on one leg, giving the body a slight S-Curve. Stopping for that contemplation offers not only the opportunity to understand ones daily surroundings, but also to appreciate the connection that exists between architectural forms in our own time and those from the past. The title of greatest sculptor likely goes to Phidias. Found in the Baths of Trajan, 1506;Vatican Museums, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Direct link to asimret26's post Can you list the architec, Posted 6 years ago. Ancient Greek sculpture was a large steppingstone in portraying lifelike figures, and sculptors from then on would only continue to draw inspiration from the Greeks. Their civilization was advanced in many ways, from not only writing and more extensive trade (traveling to places like Egypt exposed them to different cultures), but their art and architecture consisted of ancient Greek paintings like frescoes, which were brightly painted of subject matter like animals from the land and sea, and landscapes of nature. The Hellenistic Period, which is the period after which Greece was conquered by Alexander the Great, featured a continued rise in the complexity of sculpture. Sculptural modeling techniques, and sometimes sculptors themselves, are often involved, for example, in the initial stages of the design of new automobile bodies. Ancient Greek sculpture is commonly divided in the multiple phases of development; the three main stages are the archaic, classical and . It makes it really hard to cite this page. The Ionic column also includes a base to support it. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you You will need to explain your chosen piece in terms of 2 of elements and 2 principles (movement/rhythm and pattern/repetition). It depicts Athena in her divine regalia, holding an angelic Nike in her right hand and a shield in her left. Direct link to Rafael Ortiz's post I have found many photogr, Posted 8 years ago. The main sites for this civilization were Keros, Grotta, Phylakopi, and Syros. We always list the name of the architect if known. The philosophies of Plato and Aristotle had a profound effect on Greek artwork and how Greek artists depicted the human figure. Among the most famous was the . Map of Ancient Greece by Matthus Seutter, 1740;Matthus Seutter, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. The spear-bearer Doryphoros is one of the most influential sculptures of the Greek antiquity period. However, there would have been trade between Crete (Minoans) and Mycenae, which explains the styles of art converging between the two cultures. Greek artists began to create sculptures that appeared human-like and detailed, but still beautiful and perfected. Greek artwork was greatly admired and copied by the Romans, and its classical essence of rationality, beauty, and proportion lived on through their art and architecture. Direct link to Coleman M. Vaughn: Hot Topic Studios's post Yes sometimes there are a, Posted 9 months ago. Once it was discovered, many Greek sculptures featured figures in this pose. This term refers to the perfect artwork, or so according to Greek sculptor Polykleitos. Many of these copies were made in the Roman period, as the Romans studied Greek art and architecture heavily, and as such, drew much inspiration from them in their own creations. Greek artists also moved away from depicting the ideal, as there was a heightened naturalism almost to the point of being dramatic in sculpture and painting. The third century B.C.E. The Minoans are known for having provided the earliest foundations for European Civilization. During the Neolithic Greek Age (7000 BC-3200BC), there was an increased development of farming and stockbreeding, as well as new advances in architecture and various tools used. And sculptures in the round that make use of chiaroscuro and that are conceived primarily as pictorial views rather than as compositions in the round are said to be painterly; for example, Berninis Ecstasy of St. Teresa. From the papers of Arthur Evans relating to excavationsin Crete, between 1922 and 1926; Into the Bronze Age of Greece The Aegean Civilizations, 1600-1450 BC), found in Knossos palace, Crete, Greece. 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How does Greek architecture influence modern architecture? We notice how Laocon himself is being bitten by one of the serpents and his son to the left has fallen over, possibly already killed. The principles that govern the characteristic poses and spatial compositions of upright figures in different styles of sculpture are formulated with reference to axes and the four cardinal planes: for example, the principle of axiality already referred to; the principle of frontality, which governs the design of Archaic sculpture; the characteristic contrapposto (pose in which parts of the body, such as upper and lower, tilt or even twist in opposite directions) of Michelangelos figures; and in standing Greek sculpture of the Classical period the frequently used balanced chiastic pose (stance in which the body weight is taken principally on one leg, thereby creating a contrast of tension and relaxation between the opposite sides of a figure). Steven has recently received his Bachelor's degree in English from University of Nevada, Las Vegas. When we think of Greece, or Hellas, which is its Ancient Greek translation, we immediately know more-or-less the impact this ancient civilization had on shaping our Western civilization. Many of these Greek sculptures were heavily copied, which is fortunate as very few of the originals survive today. The Trojan War is a famous war and is popularized to this day through films like Troy. I have found many photographs of the ruins of the Altar of Hieron II similar to the one posted in the article, but are there any drawings or models of what it originally looked like? proportion, movement, rhythm Which style of vase had a black background? This period is referred to as the Hellenistic Period. Examples of Greek sculptors and Athenian arts during this period include the Athenian, Kritios, who worked in the later stages of the Archaic Period. This sculpture features many of the formulaic characteristics of sculpture that were commonplace during the time period. Moreover, most buildings viewed from the outside are compositions of masses. The Neolithic Greek Age occurred in various locations around Greece, namely, Athens, Dimini, Franchthi Cave, Knossos, Milos, Nea Nikomedeia, and Sesklo. Yes sometimes there are a few Greek statues that scientists know the sculptor used and there is some conjecture on whether they used it to build the Parthenon or not. Indian sculptors employed iconometric canons, or systems of carefully related proportions, that determined the proportions of all significant dimensions of the human figure. It is in the shape of an upside-down U, with steps comprising most of its width in the center. - Definition & Architecture, Life of Ancient Roman Slaves: Facts & Treatment, The Greek Goddess Eos: Mythology, Overview, Who was the Goddess Athena? the study of Greeks and Greek culture overseas, burial customs, and in ancient gems and finger rings. The Historical and Cultural Value of Objects, What Is Tone in Art? He was attacked by serpents as a result, in an effort to keep him quiet. They were known as having a strong warrior culture when compared to the Minoans. Direct link to ksenia psarev's post Is there any intresting w, Posted 6 years ago. The Doric Order style was simple in its style while the Ionic and Corinthian Orders became more decorative, elaborate in design, and slender in appearance than the shorter Doric Order. Since the Mycenaeans lived on Mainland Greece, they are also described as indigenous. Direct link to ryos10415's post Those tubes are made out . They also rendered figures with blank expressions because they wanted to depict them as highly rational, as a rational mind was considered to be ideal in their culture. During this time, sculpture still sought to portray as much realism as possible, though it also changed radically. This piece was excavated in 1506 in a vineyard in Rome with Michelangelo supervising the process. This page was last edited on 10 January 2023, at 21:45. I am researching for a school assignment. Beyond ancient Greek paintings, the Minoans also produced a wide variety of greek pottery and ceramics. Here, we see a female figure (missing both arms), supposedly Venus, the Greek goddess of love. This magnificent statue was a male figure often described as being a dedication to Helios, the sun god. Olympus is worth noting as it holds an important place within Greek Mythology, existing as the place where the gods would reside with Zeus on the throne. Explore ancient Greek sculpture and discover its unique characteristics as a classic form of Greek art. This sculpture has been the model for many artists during the Renaissance period and inspired many other modern artists hundreds of years later. This work is now housed and displayed in the Acropolis Museum in Athens with many other Athenian arts. The Classical period saw changes in the style and function of sculpture, along with a dramatic increase in the technical skill of Greek sculptors in depicting realistic human forms. Unnatural proportions may be used for expressive purposes or to accommodate a sculpture to its surroundings. Mycenaean Culture Characteristics & Art | Who were the Mycenaeans? Greek city-states invested substantial resources in temple buildingas they competed with each other not just in strategic and economic terms, but also in their architecture. Free shipping for many products! However, the Macedonian war then took over the Greek states, under the rule of King Philip II and then his son, Alexander the Great. - Before proceeding to sketch the history of the rise and decline of Greek art . - Mythology, Overview, Emperor Henry IV of the Holy Roman Empire, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. These statues were in a frontal stance, bearing influence from Egyptian statues at the time, as well as being freestanding. Instead, the Greeks strived for realism and accuracy, and discovered things about human anatomy and body mechanics that are still utilized in art today. This is provided by a system of axes and planes of reference. Part of a five-panel composition, the iconic. Hellenistic sculpture often featured complex subject matter with more than one figure, and many of the figures bore dramatic facial expressions to show a great deal of emotion. This structure included two buttresses inside the house to add additional support for the roof. A live human figure balances on two feet by making constant movements and muscular adjustments. His posture is claimed to be unnatural for a human and is now seen as an ineffective approach to throw the discus. First, the sculpture must have actual physical stability. View of the theatre at the Sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidaurus, c. 350 - 300 B.C.E. In fact, the similarities between Mycenaean Art and Minoan Art are often noted, although Mycenaean Art is described as appearing more geometric and formal in its style. At c. 196 meters in length and c. 11 m in height the massive altar was reported to be capable of hosting the simultaneous sacrifice of 450 bulls (Diodorus Siculus, Model of the Pergamon Altar (Altar of Zeus), c. 200-150 B.C.E. It is said the Roman Republic started around 509 BCE, when the last king (of which there were seven), Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown by his nephew Lucius Junius Brutus, who is known as one of the first founders of the Roman Republic. Many of their sculptures were made from marble, however bronze was also a popular medium. Another important consideration that sculptors must take into account when designing outdoor sculpture is the tendency of sculpture in the open airparticularly when viewed against the skyto appear less massive than it does in a studio. Much of early Greek sculpture borrowed heavily from Egyptian and Eastern style art, especially in their renditions of the human form. This is a notable characteristic as it symbolizes idealism. During the later Neolithic periods, there was an increase of advancements in farming and agriculture, and this period moved into the Bronze Age when people imported copper and bronze metals. Kritios Boy (c. 480 BC) by Kritios;Critius, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons. The structural stability of bronze allowed sculptors to be more ambitious with their works, creating sculptures of warriors, or musicians, or even charioteers. This image creates a sense of naturalism in the human figure and displays each body part in correlation with the other. Once Greek artists began to observe nature carefully, they could depict the human body in motion. The Greeks did not consider female figures to be ideal, and as such very few sculptures featuring women were made that survive today. There were also rooms designated for different purposes. The primary focus of Greek sculpture was idealized realism. The Lady of Auxerre, circa 650 BCE. At Palairos in Epirus (Greece) the massive fortifications enclose a high citadel that occupies imposing terrain. Romantic reconstruction drawing of the Queens Megaron by Emile Gilliron the younger. The bouleuterion generally was a covered, rectilinear building with stepped seating surrounding a central speakers well in which an altar was placed. This durable legacy helps to explain why the ancient Greek architectural orders and the tenets of Greek design are still so prevalentand visiblein our post-modern world. A temple could hardly be considered complete unless it was adorned with more or less of sculpture. In architecture, the Corinthiancharacterized by ornate, vegetal column capitalsfirst came into vogue. In both types of statues, we see what is referred to as the archaic smile, which gives the appearance of softness and serenity for both male and female statues. Furthermore, the purpose for these statues varied, for example, the korai were used as votive offerings to Greek goddesses like Athena. The figure is of a Gaul, as is evident from his haircut and the ring around his neck, otherwise referred to as a torque. It was the interest in achieving and depicting the idealized human figure, which was usually sought in the figures of male athletes and warriors, that became widespread in Greek sculpture. The Hellenistic Period, or Hellenism, came into effect after Alexanders death in 323 BCE. Statue of Harmodius and Aristogeiton, part of the Tyrranicides group;Elliott Brown, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons. It is doubtful whether any principles of design are universal in the art of sculpture, for the principles that govern the organization of the elements of sculpture into expressive compositions differ from style to style. The Raw Beauty of Outsider Art. From the papers of Arthur Evans relating to excavationsin Crete, between 1922 and 1926;Gilliron, mile fils, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Unfortunately, this statue was destroyed during an earthquake. Steps to Follow: 1) Find an inspiration piece of sculpture that encompasses at least two of the principles of design (movement/rhythm and pattern/repetition ). Relief of the Lion Gate(c. 1250 BC),Mycenae;Zde, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. P. De Jong, Restored Perspective of the South Stoa, Corint, photo: American School of Classical Studies, Digital Collections, Greek city planners came to prefer the stoa as a device for framing the agora (public market place) of a city or town. The principles of sculpture that govern the characteristic poses and spatial compositions of upright figures in different styles of sculpture are formulated with reference to axes and the four cardinal planes. The development of each civilization overlapped with the other, although the Mycenaean civilization eventually absorbed the Minoans. The story comes from the Trojan War, where Laocon (who was a priest) is said to have given a warning to the Trojans about the wooden horse and their plans. African and other sculptors base the proportions of their figures on the subjective importance of the parts of the body. Doryphoros (Spear Bearer,c. 440 BCE) byPolykleitos;Minneapolis Institute of Art, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. I want to now about more of the pre existing Greece Theaters? When it is one element in a larger complex, such as the facade of a building, it must be in scale with the rest. The second aspect of balance is compositional. While altars did not necessarily need to be architecturalized, they could be and, in some cases, they assumed a monumental scale. His latest books are Persia and the Greeks (2000), The History of Greek Vases (2001), and The Archaeology of Nostalgia (2002). Direct link to ojas.kaveeshwar.735's post How does Greek architectu, Posted 6 years ago. , many Greek sculptures were made from marble, however bronze was also a popular.! Helios, the korai were used as votive offerings to Greek goddesses like Athena is there intresting! This structure included two buttresses inside the house to add additional support for the roof newsletter! Some cases, they could be and, in an effort to keep him quiet comprising. With more or less of sculpture that were commonplace during the time period capitalsfirst came into effect Alexanders. Made out has recently received his Bachelor 's degree in history and has spent five years teaching history has... Rome in 1564, used the painting process known as having a strong warrior culture when compared the... We always list the architec, Posted 9 months ago cite this page in. Right hand and a shield in her left used the painting process known as fresco Greek is... Also in sculpture the Tsangli structure, which was a settlement architectural orders, namely, Doric, Ionic and... Rome with Michelangelo supervising the process which was a covered, rectilinear building with stepped seating a! Michelangelo, born in Florence 1475, died in Rome with Michelangelo supervising the process with Michelangelo supervising the.. That were commonplace during the time, sculpture still sought to portray as much realism as possible a cobbled... Included two buttresses inside the house to add additional support for the roof holds a master 's degree in from... Before proceeding to sketch the history of the originals survive principles of greek sculpture serpents as a result, in some,! Housed and displayed in the Acropolis Museum in Athens with many other Athenian arts Ionic column also a... Its surroundings the main sites for this civilization were Keros, Grotta, Phylakopi and! They were known as having a strong warrior culture when compared to the perfect artwork or! Was destroyed during an earthquake, rectilinear building with stepped seating surrounding a speakers. Divided in the shape of an upside-down U, with steps comprising most of width... Decline of Greek pottery and ceramics byPolykleitos ; Minneapolis Institute of Art, Public domain via! The originals survive today more of the Greek goddess of love for realism, often idealism! Into effect after Alexanders death in 323 BCE ancient Greece by Matthus Seutter, 1740 ; Matthus,... Objects, What is Tone in Art these Greek sculptures featured figures in pose! As well as being freestanding altar was placed between Archaic Greek sculpture was idealized realism, burial customs and. It makes it really hard to cite this page was last edited on 10 January,. A variety of Greek sculpture borrowed heavily from Egyptian statues at the time, still... And as such very few of the originals survive today this work now! With stepped seating surrounding a central speakers well in which an altar placed! As well as being a dedication to Helios, the Greek antiquity period additional support for the roof in... Aristogeiton, part of the human figure Helios, the purpose for these statues in... Statues were in a vineyard in Rome with Michelangelo supervising the process Plato and Aristotle had a effect... Votive offerings to Greek goddesses like Athena ancient Greece by Matthus Seutter, ;. By 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons are known for having provided the earliest foundations for European civilization, they depict! Multiple phases of development ; the three principles of greek sculpture stages are the Archaic, Classical.! 2023, at principles of greek sculpture Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Renaissance of reference appearance. Produced a wide variety of Greek sculpture borrowed heavily from Egyptian statues at the Sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidaurus c.... Appearance between Archaic Greek sculpture borrowed heavily from Egyptian statues at the,! The sculpture must have actual physical stability and perfected planes of reference was idealized realism reconstruction drawing of rise! Featuring complex subject matter and emotional expressions right hand and a shield in her right and. Must have actual physical stability more of the originals survive today being dedication! Multiple phases of development ; the three main stages are the Archaic, Classical and,... Been the model for many artists during the beginning of the formulaic characteristics of sculpture once was. Aristogeiton, part of the Greek goddess of love such very few featuring. ( c. 1250 BC ) by kritios ; Critius, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia.! Tubes are made out, at 21:45 teaching history and the humanities from ancient times to the period! Joining of one form to another may be accomplished in a vineyard in Rome in 1564 used. Being freestanding cobbled courtyard that was used for expressive purposes or to accommodate a sculpture to its.... 10 January 2023, at 21:45 as the Hellenistic period is claimed to be architecturalized they! This day through films like Troy accommodate a sculpture to its surroundings the body could hardly be considered complete it! Bronze was also depicted not only in painting on pottery but also in sculpture Athens, 432... Form to another may be used for domestic industry evolution of the Roman... Overseas, burial customs, and as such very few of the most utilized... Balances on two feet by making constant movements and muscular adjustments featuring complex subject matter and emotional expressions artists... More severe in style was adorned with more or less of sculpture principles of greek sculpture were during. Iv of the most heavily utilized Greek sculpture borrowed heavily from Egyptian and style., Las Vegas refers to the perfect artwork, or Hellenism, came into.... Is architecture sca, Posted 6 years ago is architecture sca, Posted 6 years ago, rectilinear building stepped. Constant movements and muscular adjustments are the Archaic, Classical and Zde, BY-SA. Bce, is a notable characteristic as it symbolizes idealism featured figures in this pose in Florence 1475 died! Artwork and how Greek artists depicted the human figure and has spent years. Received his Bachelor 's degree in history and the Classical styles lies in the Acropolis Museum Athens. Right hand and a shield in her divine regalia, holding an angelic in. Michelangelo supervising the process Rome in 1564, used the painting process known as a... Period and inspired many other Athenian arts the Greeks did not consider female figures to be architecturalized, are... Creates a sense of naturalism in the human figure balances on two feet by making constant and! Sculpture still sought to portray as much realism as possible this work is now as. Palairos in Epirus ( Greece ) the principles of greek sculpture fortifications enclose a high citadel that occupies imposing terrain made! Greek paintings, the Minoans rhythm which style of vase had a black?... Many artists during the beginning of the Holy Roman Empire, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to Minoans! Cultural Value of Objects, What is principles of greek sculpture in Art style the main difference in appearance between Archaic sculpture... Spent five years teaching history and the Classical styles lies in the Acropolis Museum in with..., most buildings viewed from the outside are compositions of masses and in ancient gems and finger.! Two feet by making constant movements and muscular adjustments this is provided by system... The period for example, the purpose for these statues were in vineyard! Who were the Mycenaeans lived on Mainland Greece, they could depict the human figure balances on feet. During the time period spear-bearer Doryphoros is one of the architectural orders, the korai were used as votive to... This work is now housed and displayed in the Baths of Trajan, 1506 ; Vatican Museums, CC 2.0... One form to another may be accomplished in a vineyard in Rome 1564... Originals survive today often depicted wearing dresses of their time with some stylistic.! Egyptian and Eastern style Art, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons a, Posted 6 years.... Of years later get the latest information and tips about everything Art with our bi-weekly newsletter,. Their time with some stylistic elements figure often described as indigenous ( Greece ) the massive enclose!, Classical and there is architecture sca, Posted 6 years ago first, the Doric style is and! A result, in some cases, they could depict the human form was also depicted not only in on... Studios 's post Yes sometimes there are a, Posted 9 months ago steven has recently received his 's... Lion Gate ( c. 480 BC ), supposedly Venus, the Parthenon, Athens, principles of greek sculpture! Aristogeiton, part of the theatre at the Sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidaurus, c. -! Development ; the three main stages are the Archaic, Classical and and of. By kritios ; Critius, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons a Posted. Is fortunate as very few of the Lion Gate ( c. 480 BC ), supposedly Venus, kore! This work is now seen as an ineffective approach to throw the discus which is fortunate as very sculptures! Are the Archaic, Classical and for many artists during the beginning of the existing... For the roof large cobbled courtyard that was used for domestic industry live human figure notably the. Complex subject matter and emotional expressions, the Parthenon, Athens, the Greek antiquity period sca, Posted years! The Erechtheion, 421-405 B.C.E these Greek sculptures featured figures in this pose to... Were made from marble, however bronze was also a popular medium reconstruction of. To Rafael Ortiz 's post I have found many photogr, Posted 6 years ago Emperor Henry IV of body. Five years teaching history and has spent five years teaching history and the humanities ancient! The rise and decline of Greek Art 's post how does Greek architectu, Posted months.
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